The automatic water sprinkler system is a firefighting system with water as a medium for extinguishing, water flows from the sprinkler heads under calculated pressure and flow to cover the fire site, and these heads are distributed and close to the ceiling, and they work to cover the entire area below them with water, and these heads are fed by a network of pipes whose diameters have been calculated geometrically by hydraulic calculations, and the system has a water source that works to provide a sufficient flow rate and pressure to extinguish the fire according to the degree of danger of the facility.
Components of automatic water extinguishing systems:
Fire tank: It has a sufficient capacity to operate about 30 minutes of water supply during the fire to the farthest area to be extinguished.
Fire pumps: It is a group of fire pumps consisting of an electric pump, a diesel pump and a jockey pump, and these pumps work at pressure and discharge of water designed according to what is needed by the place to be extinguished.
Control valves: They are installed on the pipe network to separate the fire extinguishing areas to deal according to the design and are also installed in the pump room to control the water disposal and to control the pumps during maintenance.
Fire sprinklers: It is the one from which the water comes out automatically to extinguish the fire, which is a small glass bulge with a liquid of a certain color when the fire occurs, the temperature of the place rises until it reaches the temperature rating of the sprinkler (the temperature at which the sprinkler begins to open) The liquid expands inside the glass bulge and presses it until it explodes and the water comes out, and this type is commonly used and its shape is more decorative.
Fire boxes: They are used manually when the system does not work automatically.
Quick connections: connected to the main pipe network to supply water in case the tank runs out of water and placed outside the building.
Pipe network and its connections.